disseminated bacillus calmette-guérin disease after bcg vaccination: a case report from china

background: bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccination is recommended for newborn infants worldwide to prevent tuberculosis. however, complications do occur inevitably in a very low rate, among which the most serious is disseminated disease. the disseminated bacillus calmette–guérin disease is a rare disease with high fatality, and can be seen among persons with an underlying immunodeficiency. case presentation: we report a 4-month-old male infant presenting with recurrent fever, an isolated left axillary massand swelling at the site of bcg inoculation. the cellular immune function analysis showed that the value of cd4/cd8 was 0.994, indicating the existence of immunodeficiency.the results of blood culture and throat swab culture showed conditional pathogen infection. he died of cardiopulmonary failure. conclusion: in this case, necropsy played a significant role in the final diagnosis of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis.